Tube Feeding Prolonging Life - 2291 Words

Abstract This paper is written to discuss the ethical dilemma we come across when asking our self whether or not we should place a tube feeding in a patient with a history Alzheimer’s or Dementia. Will this prolong the patients’ life or just the inevitable death? Most often a decision needs to be made regarding the placement of a tube feeding. The question is not initiated by the patient themselves. This is the reason why educating our patients are so important. In this paper I will discuss how important the role of the healthcare professional plays in advocating for a patient. To help answer this ethical dilemma several issues will be explored. I will focus on the seven principles of ethics, education, utilitarianism, top-down†¦show more content†¦Doctors often encourage the idea of a PEG or other available routes of feeding tubes. This is suggested when the patient has failed there swallow evaluation or has a history of aspiration pneumonia. According to Vit al et.al. (2006) these reasons are not evidence based and may reveal discrepancies among healthcare professionals and their knowledge of advanced Dementia disease. Vital et. Al. (2006) also suggests that physicians may need improved education with regards to end stage dementia because they apparently lack understanding about the risks and benefits of artificial feeding. Taking this all into debate, development of knowledge is crucial aspect in maintaining and providing good care in an end of life process. Principles of Ethics If a patient has comorbidity such as Alzheimer’s disease, it is important that a healthcare proxy is designated. A healthcare proxy should be appointed when the patient is still has decision making capabilities. This is performed to help make medical decisions for the patient when they are unable to do so themselves. Autonomy refers to an individual’s right to self- rule or governs one’s self (Beauchamp Childress, 2009). Autonomy is refer to the individual right to make his or her own decision regarding their health care needs. This is respected in the health care setting. Without a living will or healthcare proxyShow MoreRelatedThe Bioethics Of Prolonging Life Of The Terminally Ill1270 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bioethics of Prolonging Life of the Terminal Ill Prolonging life of the terminally ill is a bioethical decision. Bioethics is the study of controversial ethical issues that have come about due to advances in biology, medicine, and technology. Some think it is a simple decision on whether to let the pacemaker run or turn off, while others agree that it is a much harder decision than that. The decision of prolonging life comes with medical, moral, financial and legal obstacles (Butler 2013)Read MoreProlonging Life Of The Terminally Ill1261 Words   |  6 PagesProlonging life of the terminally ill is a bioethical decision. Bioethics is the study of controversial ethical issues that have come about due to advances in biology, medicine, and technology. Some think it is a simple decision on whether to let the pacemaker run or turn off, while others agree that it is a much harder decision than that. The decision of prolonging life comes with medical, moral, financial and legal obstacles (Butler 2013). Making health decisions is a big part of one’s lifeRead MoreLegal And Ethical Concerns Of Nursing Health Care1182 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper will discuss the assigned case study, regarding Mrs. Ann, who is seventy-seven years old and she was diagnosed with moderately advance Alzheimer’s disease. Mrs. Ann health has progressively started to decline and she is requiring a feeling tube. Before Mrs. Ann health declined, her wishes were not to be hooked up to a breathing machine, if there are no chances of survival. Mrs. Ann is unable to communicate the wishes of her plan of health care. The decision regarding her plan of health careRead MoreFeeding Tube Refusal Dilemma Essay1078 Words   |  5 PagesFeeding Tube Refusal Dilemma A 28 year old female with cerebral palsy and debilitating arthritis is in the hospital for treatment. She is immobile and unable to perform basic tasks on her own. Due to her condition, she is having trouble eating and in order to help, the doctor believes that a feeding tube (PEG tube) should be surgically inserted. When told about the treatment, the patient refuses surgery. She is deemed competent and understands her situation. In this situation, I propose that theRead MoreFeeding Tubes Essay1343 Words   |  6 Pagesdecisions may mean the life or death of a loved one. The decision of whether or not to administer artificial nutrition and hydration as a form of life support is one decision that some people have to make. I feel that tube feedings, while okay for short term use are fine, but they should not be used as a form of long term care because the risks outweigh the benefits of having a feeding tube. A tube feeding is a medical procedure that people can accept or deny. Feeding tubes provide a chemicallyRead MoreThe Is An Umbrella Term For Brain Disorders That Affect Memory, Thinking And Communication908 Words   |  4 Pagesweight loss. To combat the rapid weight loss, tube feeding is used as a common practice. There is legal and ethical controversy regarding the use of artificial methods of feeding. Ethical implications include arguments of withholding or removing tube feedings can be viewed as euthanasia or can it be beneficial to the patient or a burden. Legal implications include if advance directives are not present is it the patient’s wish to be placed on a feeding tube? To prevent legal liability or penalties manyRead MorePharmacological And Medical Technology Advances1510 Words   |  7 Pages Imagine having to make the decision to take a loved one off a ventilator or removing a tube feeding. What would they want? Would they want to live in a nursing home, connected to â€Å"tubes,† possibly without a means to communicate or care for themselves? How would they define â€Å"Quality of Life†? Have you ever discussed with them what their wishes are if they are unable to speak for themselves? Have they discussed it with family or friends? Did they write t heir wished down anywhere? WouldRead MoreEssay on The Terri Schiavo’s Case Analysis1037 Words   |  5 Pagesdecisions for himself or herself, their caregivers and those who know them are appointed to make the decisions based on what the patient would have wanted. This is called surrogate decision making. According to the article Terri Schiavo and End-of-Life Decisions â€Å"when surrogate decision makers and caregivers cannot agree upon what that choice would have been, they may turn to the courts to determine either what the now-incapacitated patient would have chosen or who is best suited to choose as theRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1360 Words   |  6 Pagesconduct that brings about an easy and painless death for persons suffering from an incurable or painful disease or condition† (Muckart, et al 259). Euthanasia, also dying with dignity, is the practice of the termination of a terminally ill person s life in order to relieve them of their suffering. Eut hanasia is one of today’s most controversial health issues with debates on people’s right to die or live. It is a topic that has been debated morally, ethically and legally. It has been described as oneRead MoreAn Ethical Case Study On End Of Life Care2332 Words   |  10 PagesStudy on End of Life Care Before the advancement of medical technology to prolong the lives of patients with lethal conditions, end-of-life care did not involve many discussions of ethics or morals. Even just a hundred years ago, it was common to speak of letting nature run its course. Today, patients and their relatives have many more options to utilize medical devices in hospital intensive care units to prolong life, whether that entails resuscitation, ventilation, or artificial feeding and hydration

The Effects Of Sexual Assaults Across College Campuses Essay

In the past couple of years there has been a rise of sexual assaults across college campuses. While sexual assaults have typically been greatly under-reported, we have started to see victims all across America take a stand and demand change and justice. â€Å"Five decades of research on higher education campuses in the United States have revealed that approximately 20% to 25% of women will experience attempted or completed rape during their college career† (Franklin et al., 2016). There needs to be a improvement in regards to having lower campus assaults rates so that female students can walk alone across campus, are no longer considered easy targets, or be afraid of their fellow peers. The focus of this paper will be to identify potential victims, explain under reporting, identify the typical type of offender, and identify what type of education needs to be taught. Rape is defined by the NCVS as, â€Å"forced sexual intercourse including both psychological coercion as well as physical force. Forced sexual intercourse means vaginal, anal, or oral penetration by the offender(s)†¦ Includes attempted rapes†¦ verbal threats of rape.† Fisher’s article focuses on the fact that many assaults occur on a campus because they hold â€Å"large concentrations of young women† which results in a â€Å"greater risk for rape and other forms of sexual assault than women in the general population or in a comparable age group.† The study conducted by Fisher et al. found that there are four main factors thatShow MoreRelatedSexual Assault On College Campuses Is An Increasingly Serious1620 Words   |  7 PagesSexual assault on college campuses is an increasingly serious issue in The United States. Approximately 25% of female college students will experience a sexual assault by the time they graduate, and many of them will not r eport their attack (Perez-Pena, 2015). This has come to the nation’s attention, and multiple interventions have been put in place to try and reduce the number of sexual assaults. One of these programs is the Bystander Intervention Program, which helps educate individuals so thatRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexual Assault On College Campuses Essay890 Words   |  4 Pagesforming the ‘White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault.’ This task force was established to help decrease sexual assaults in college campuses and create awareness of this little talked about topic. Many college students don’t believe sexual assault is an issue until it happens to them or someone they’re close with. Sexual assault affects the victims by making them feel helpless and causing serious negative effects on their emotional health. Many of these incidents don’t getRead MoreRape Culture Through The Perspective Of Carry That Weight1014 Words   |  5 Pagesand prevent it from continuing for the sake of future generations.ï » ¿ Unfortunately, current college students are victims of university standards that largely fail to protect them. Oftentimes, such as in the case of Emma Sulkowicz, a senior at Columbia University, cases of sexual assault are quieted in order to preserve the image of the institution, at the cost of its students’ well being. Yet sexual assault is a common occurrence, particularly among young people today. Emma Sulkowicz was raped duringRead MoreShould College Promote A Rape Culture?1594 Words   |  7 PagesCollege. It is labeled as the best four years of anyone who is granted the opportunity to attend any university. It is a time where an individual can decide who they are and what they want to become. While this is an accurate piece of information, it also raises the question, does college promote a rape culture that is seen in society today? Often with sites, such as I’m Shmacked and othe rs, who posts videos of college drinking, presumably of underage students. These sites promote the damagingRead MoreThe Safety Of College Campus892 Words   |  4 Pagesappropriate college can be a difficult task. Not only must one consider the cost of tuition and housing, but another consideration is the overall safety of the campus and the surrounding area. While colleges are a place of higher learning, they also have many of the similarities of the city in which the college is located. Considering the crime within the city may help determine the safety of the college. While cities must evaluate proper crime control techniques and preventions, college campuses mustRead MoreSexual Assault On College Campuses822 Words   |  4 PagesSexual assault on college campuses has become a huge issue. Students each and every day make bad decisions, whether they be alcohol induced or not, physical or verbal sexual abuse crosses the minds of some kids. Sexual assault is defined as  "any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient† (justice.gov 2016, pg. 1). Recent altercations have released many different opinions on the topic. Overall the injustice is violating ones personal freedom and decisionRead MoreSexual Assault Is Becoming A Big Problem On College Campuses1570 Words   |  7 Pageslives at college. Never in a million years would a student expect their college experience to turn into a nightmare. Never would they have thought that their campus would not be safe enough to walk around alone at night without carrying their keys in between their fingers like knives. A student goes to school to learn, not to get assaulted or raped. Sexual assault is becoming a big problem on college campuses, and school officials are under reporting and trying to cover up the assaults because thereRead MoreSexual Assault And Rape On College Campus Essay2085 Words   |  9 Pagesof the problem Sexual assault and rape are serious social and public health issues in the United States and throughout the rest of the world. In particular sexual assault on college campus are prevalent at an alarming rate and leaves serious effects on the victims. This essay will focus on statistics and the prevalence and effects amongst college students, through examining a number of reasons why women fail to report sexual assault and rape. This essay will also cover sexual assault prevention andRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexual Assault On College Campuses1610 Words   |  7 PagesA common worry of female freshman is the threat of sexual assault victimization on her college campus. Although the emotional treatment of sexual victimization is prevalent on campuses nationwide, research has neglected to explore the effect the assault has on academic performance (Faravelli, Guigni, Salvatori, Ricci, 2004). Can being sexually victimized within the first or second semester of a female’s freshman y ear of college negatively impact academic performance? Current research has shownRead MoreShould Women Carry Concealed Weapons On College Campuss1750 Words   |  7 Pages_______________________ Title of Bill: My bill is an act to allow women carry concealed weapons on college campuses Be it enacted by the 9th grade House of Representatives of Wayzata High School that women across the nation be allowed to carry concealed weapons on college campuses with citizenship and legal permits. Part I: Purpose When Savannah Lindquist went to her college orientation, her college told her that there was no need to worry â€Å"because campus police are only a phone call away† ( Lindquist

Children Need Talk In Order To Learn Education Essay Free Essays

string(42) " be between as both will affect duologue\." This survey will be based in MC primary school, a Leicester interior metropolis school. Most of the observations will come from the foundation phase 2 categories. This school is a really culturally diverse school, with huge differences in abilities amongst the kids. We will write a custom essay sample on Children Need Talk In Order To Learn Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most of the kids come to this school with virtually no English or really small ( EAL ) . The ground behind me carry oning this survey is to see how important talk for acquisition is, if it is something which is important for a kids and instructors or is it something fiddling which has really small importance. It is of import for me to first explicate what is meant by talk for acquisition. Talk is seen to be important for larning non merely for kids but for instructors besides. This assignment will be looking at if talk is important to kids ‘s apprehension of the universe and important for instructors to understand kids. I will look at what many theoreticians have to state and look at surveies which either support talk for acquisition or rebut the thought of talk for acquisition. First I will look at what a few theoreticians have to state about talk for acquisition and so look at how oppugning can assist instructors advance talk to derive apprehension of kids before summing everything together. Piaget was one of the first theoreticians who felt that the thought that intelligence derives from the coordination of action in the kid ‘s environment. He believed that kids ‘s active building of their ain apprehension is cardinal to their cognitive development. He opposed the impression of transmition of cognition from instructor to pupil as a theoretical account of cognitive development. He believed that interaction between kids is a really strong beginning of advancement, but non cardinal to his chief organic structure of work. Piaget besides thought that when kids are faced with jobs they will normally repair on the first relevant factor they identify but Piaget said in order for them to come on they need exposure to many different positions. However, these positions are merely helpful when from the same position so equals. Adults position will merely impede them as this does non assist their thought and development as they will either disregard their positions if th ey can or merely merely follow with what they have said. A survey which supports the thought of kids ‘s thought and development being increased by other positions of kids come from Doise, Murphy and Perret Clermont. They conducted a survey to see if socio-cognitive struggle would advance persons advancement and apprehension. In this survey the cardinal inquiry was whether kids who were given the chance to work on a undertaking together would do greater single advancement than those who were non given such an chance. Children were put in to two groups the controlled group were they did the undertaking separately and the experimental group where they were put into braces to finish the undertaking. Each kid had a mopboard which had theoretical account edifices which formed a small small town. The edifices were orientated in relation to a fixed grade on the mopboard. This agreement was placed in forepart of the kid on a tabletop. To the side of the kid was another tabular array, w ith an indistinguishable mopboard, but orientated otherwise in relation to the kid. The undertaking was to utilize a reproduction set of theoretical account edifices to animate precisely the same small town on this 2nd tabular array. Findingss showed that the kids in the experimental group showed the most betterment in apprehension, ground being is the kids who worked in braces or little groups would normally be confronted with solutions which differed from their ain. This struggle, and the socially engendered demand to decide it, would motivate each kid to re analyze their ain initial thoughts, and could take the kids to recognize a higher order solution that resolved the struggle ( Mugney et al. , 1981 as cited in GREEN ) . They found that it did n’t count if any of the kids were non advanced than others or the demand to be right. Equally long as there is a struggle of position is adequate to acquire kids believing. However there are some unfavorable judgments for this surv ey. One can oppugn the cardinal function of struggle being an issue. Blaye ( 1988 as cited from GREEN ) criticised the construct to be obscure and sick defined, missing ecological cogency as it would be difficult to transport out outside the research scenes. Tudge ( 1989 as cited from GREEN ) besides had grounds to propose that in certain fortunes peer interaction can ensue in arrested development every bit good as development. Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky ( 1978 as cited from GREEN ) conceptualised societal interaction as being at the nucleus of the development procedure. Contrasting to Piaget, Vygotsky ( 1978 as cited from GREEN ) believed that societal activity concepts cognition and understanding particularly when kids interact with others who are more advanced and capable in society. Therefore rebuting Piaget ‘s thought that when kids interact with those of more power and have a higher position, hinders kids ‘s apprehension and thought. Vygotsky saw linguistic communication as non merely a cultural tool for sharing and developing but besides a psychological tool to assist organize our single ideas ( LIGHT BLUE ) . Vygotsky developed the construct of the zone of proximal development ( ZPD ) which is ‘the distance between the existent development degree as determined by independent job resolution and the degree of possible development as determined through job work outing under grownup counsel or in coaction with more capable equals ‘ ( Vygotsky 1978: 86 as cited in LIGHT BLUE ) . ZPD represents the difference in accomplishment when working independently and working with counsel from grownups who are more advanced and capable. Both Vygotsky and Piaget believe that acquisition is active and both confirm the value of societal interaction for larning and development regardless of who it may be between as both will affect duologue. You read "Children Need Talk In Order To Learn Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" One construct that complements Vygotsky ‘s theory of ZPD is Bruner ‘s ( 1985 ) impression of scaffolding. Scaffolding is the ‘support that grownups provide in the acquisition procedure†¦ whereby an grownup varies the degree of support, bit by bit retreating it as the kid additions in competence ‘ ( cited from LIGHT BLUE ) . Both Bruner ‘s and Vygotsky ‘s cardinal schemes are patterning, demoing kids illustrations of work by experts. , showing, demoing the processs that experts go through when bring forthing work and back uping kids as they learn ( Cobden 2000: 10 ) . Research ( Galton et al. 1999 as cited from LIGHT BLUE ) shows that instructors tend to inquire largely closed inquiries which normally promote a simple consecutive reply. The reply being the one the instructor has already got in their caputs. Therefore, kids are non researching their ain apprehension and positions. Alternatively they ‘re merely supplying replies that the instructor is looking for ensuing into a ‘guess what I am believing of ‘ type inquiry. I carried out my directed undertaking on merely 2 of the kids from one of the foundation phase 2 categories, Annie and Zunaid. Both kids were of mean ability. I chose to carry on my surveies on merely two kids as it would be easier to detect and supervise while entering my findings at the same clip. The session I planned for Annie and Zunaid was a maths session. I devised a lesson program with the lesson nonsubjective being kids able to utilize two different groups to do a entire figure given ( see†¦ ) . I used 2 groups of small wooden forms trigons and diamonds. Before I asked the kids to give me a sum of a certain figure utilizing both forms, I demonstrated what I wanted the kids to make and do certain I was believing out loud so they can see what I was making and why. So I made certain both groups were separated and I asked the kids ‘hmmm what figure should I do utilizing these forms? ‘ and I was given 6. So I started with one group and counted out loud while util izing one to one correspondence, I made certain I moved each form towards me and said ‘1, 2, 3, 4, ‘ and so moved to the following group and counted on making the same thing, ‘5, 6 ‘ . I made certain I emphasised the last figure once more and said out loud, ‘I made 6. I used 4 trigons and 2 diamonds and all together they make 6 ‘ . I made certain I spoke clearly and easy in order for the kids to see what I was making and made certain I modelled twice before I let them go on. When the kids were given a figure to do, I observed and found they were either numbering really softly or in their caputs so I asked if they could number out loud for me, which they so did. I found I had to utilize a few prompts at the beginning to remind them to speak about how they made the entire figure. ‘what figure have you made, how many trigons did you usage and how many diamonds, and that made? ‘ these prompts were used in order for me to see if the kids kn ew what they were making and if they made the figure right. It gave the kids room to rectify any errors as they would usually tell when prompted and I found when they counted out loud and they had 1 more than the figure they were given they would merely take it off and say the right sum or add on another form. I recorded data/observations on gluey notes ( see†¦ ) in brief which I so wrote out on the kid observation sheets in item ( see.. ) . If you have a expression at appendices lesson rating 6/11/09 and 13/11/09 you will besides happen that In these lesson ratings talk and inquiring helped the kids to understand what I was making which hence resulted in them being able to make the undertakings. I have besides stated that inquiring more inquiries and speaking about what I am making or hold done helps kids ‘s apprehension and helps me understand how they have carried undertakings out. The ground why I chose to ease talk during a maths session is because I found during most maths session both focus kids were really quiet and frequently made errors such as numbering excessively fast while utilizing one to one correspondence, loath to number at all or out loud. I thought acquiring the kids to speak more about what they were making and how they were making it would assist them with maths jobs. That is why I decided to concentrate on maths. After looking at theoreticians thoughts and position on talk for acquisition and looking at instructors oppugning schemes it is apparent ( lesson rating 6/11/09 ) that patterning and speaking about how I how I made a figure and inquiring inquiries helped, even though this might hold helped and worked efficaciously I besides stated that I need to inquire more inquiries and still pattern more. This is besides the instance in my followers ( 13/11/09 lesson rating ) session, were I stated talk and modeling to be effectual in back uping the kids ‘s acquisition. this can be related to Vygotsky ‘s and Bruner ‘s schemes patterning, showing and back uping. To advance talk in the category I was based in, I made certain I asked inquiries which helped me understand what the kids have done, how they have done it and why. This is apparent in the P.E. lesson program dated 16/11/09. I asked different types of inquiries during the session, inquiries which required callback of the old Sessionss, inquiries to happen out what they thought and their ain positions, inquiries which required them to give sentiments on others and why. All these different types of inquiries were asked so I could understand the kids better. Learn more approximately them as persons and besides see them develop new thoughts. Once one kid gave a response to the inquiry ‘how could we travel on this equipment? ‘ it normally stimulated others to give their thoughts including new thoughts. This was good as it promoted originative thought. Furthermore, as this was an unfastened inquiry the kids had the freedom to state what they wanted without the fright of giving a incorrect reply. Normally when kids are asked inquiries which require consecutive replies, I found that in some instances they would either be loath to reply, which could propose fright of being incorrect or they would merely take random conjectures. As the kids were really immature it was more of import to advance talk to measure and measure them as persons. Although unfastened inquiries were utile in acquiring a scope of different thoughts and replies, sometimes I needed to inquire inquiries which required a right reply, so a specific reply. This was the instance in certain maths Sessionss. During the maths directed undertakings I needed to happen out what the largest figure they could number up to right ( maths directed undertaking lesson program 11/11/09 ) and besides be able to number two different groups by numbering on ( maths directed undertaking 2 lesson program 19/11/09 ) . This was besides the instance in the cognition and apprehension of the universe Sessionss ( KUW lesson program 17/11/09 ) . Asking closed inquiries helped me understand if the kids understood or knew the reply. If an incorrect reply was given it would merely do me more cognizant of what the kid is fighting with and hence besides consequence in me reflecting on my ain pattern excessively see what I may be making incorrect or how I could assist the kid in inqui ry. Although closed inquiries may hold been asked sometimes in Sessionss ( KUW/CLL 9/11/09 ) it helps to speak about shared experiences to assist develop originative thoughts. This is apparent in one of the cognition and apprehension of the universe session were kids watched a picture on pyrotechnics and had to do their ain ( lesson rating KUW/CLL 10/11/09 ) . You can see in the observations ( Annie 10/11/09 ) , she was speaking about what she is making and depicting her pyrotechnic and besides related it to something that looked similar, this suggests that she can associate it to things which may be similar and familiar to her and besides helps me understand how she see ‘s pyrotechnics. How to cite Children Need Talk In Order To Learn Education Essay, Essay examples

Conflict Twelve Angry Men free essay sample

Juror 8 is someone who can be seen to have all of these qualities, and approaches the position of being a jury member with a very open mind, of which Reginald Rose illustrates to be a desirable characteristic especially given the decision that needs to be made in relation to the accused’s life. Juror 8 also overcomes the challenge of expressing his reasonable doubt that the accused is guilty to all the other jurors, facing incredible prejudice and bias against what he says. Rose above all though shows Juror 8’s heroism to the reader when at the conclusion of the play they realise that had Juror 8 not been a part of the jury, the boy most likely would have been wrongly been found guilty. Whilst we are not told much about the person Juror 8 is, it’s through his actions and words that we learn he is a very respectable individual. His occupation as an architect allows us to assume he is well educated, and his patience with even the most intolerable men is admirable when they claim being a part of the jury is a â€Å"goddam waste of time†. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict Twelve Angry Men or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The reader also begins to see Juror 8 as an inquisitive person when he begins to challenge the evidence that was presented in court, even though he â€Å"doesn’t know whether [he] believe[s] it or not† and realises that the â€Å"facts staring [the jury] in the face are all wrong†. The reader see’s Juror 8 standing alone to uphold justice and not allowing his personal opinions or beliefs to influence what he says and thus see him as a hero for doing so. It’s by standing alone like this that Rose shows Juror 8 to represent humanity, reason and justice. Additionally, the adverse opposition Juror 8 initially receives does not appear to be something that phases him in the slightest. In fact, only once does Juror 8 appear to become angered when Juror 10 and Juror 12 play tic-tac-toe. This illustrates the views of some of the Juror’s not taking the jury seriously, and their unwillingness to consider the real possibilities whilst being led to believe what allegedly happened through evidence. Juror 8 is in fact the only individual who seems remotely passionate in finding the truth, believing that even what was testified in court might not be what happened that night. Rose uses the other jurors to represent the fact that no matter what capacity an individual is placed in, not everyone can put personal beliefs aside and it is through this that the reader sees the destructive influence of prejudice and stereotypes. Not all jurors show this though, and the reader sees wisdom come into the picture when Juror 9 gives Juror 8 his support, for the reason that he â€Å"respect[s] his motives†. Each juror changes their opinion as they overcome what could be perceived as their stubborness, and Juror 8 is again seen as the hero for instigating deeper thought of not just the case itself, but in each Juror as he considers the information being put forward to him, and what to make of it. Finally, Rose uses the anominity of the jurors to prehaps allow the reader to build their own ideas around what each juror represents to them. With Juror 8’s desirable characteristics, the reader can be inclined to think of ways they can be more like Juror 8, seeing situations in a different light to what they may appear in. By looking up to Juror 8 as that role model and possibly relating to the accused boy, they can ultimately see that the only reason he lived was because of Juror 8’s open-minded approach to looking at the big picture. In the world we live in today, nothing could be scarier than the idea that justice is served wrongly, and had Juror 8 not been present on the jury and someone similar to Juror 3 who just wanted to â€Å"go home and catch the game†, or Juror 10 who generalised that â€Å"the kids who crawl outa those places are real trash† took his place, the accused boy would have had justice served wrongly against him, ending his life. The qualities Juror 8 possesses make him a hero, even when he knows that he â€Å"may be wrong†. In conclusion, Rose uses the qualities of Juror 8 to show heroism, and that even when one man can stand up against eleven other men and question their opinions, the outcome of the right decision can still be made. Juror 8 is seen as an admirable man, someone who stands up for what he believes in. He doesn’t allow the prejudice of other jurors to influence his opinion, and constantly looks at the big picture of what is happening. It’s through doing this and by standing up for how he sees things that he is seen as a hero amongst all readers.

Top 5 Schools for Gamers in the US

Top 5 Schools for Gamers in the US Have you ever dreamed of a hobby becoming your profession? Your parents may not believe that you can get a scholarship for college for playing your favorite video game at night. It does sound fantastic but it’s absolutely true! If you are an avid gamer dreaming to turn your passion into the future profession – welcome the list of top 5 schools offering you such a possibility. â€Å"Button-enter† yourself into the college of your dreams! Robert Morris University It is probably one of the most surprising Universities, located in Chicago. They are pioneers in the whole academic gaming society in the country, offering the athletic scholarship for eSports. Do you have a great passion for League of Legends? Then you’ll be feeling the whole here. The University offers gamers to compete on varsity squad – the Robert Morris Eagles and save 50 percent on the tuition, room and board fees. It’s an eSport, remember? Gamer ware the real sport team uniforms playing in front of the 24-inch HD monitor! University of Washington The Critical Gaming Project, including students and professors, forms a unique gaming society in UW. The community holds a stunning variety of gaming events, organizes special courses and promotes studies of the video games. If you are planning on making a career in video game development, start collecting documents for entering UW. Hampshire College You probably haven’t heard much about this tiny college but its gaming facilities will knock you over. Students have access to bazillion titles for Xbox and PlayStation in a library. Though, it is not only about having fun and recreation. There are great computer clusters that students can use for learning and designing video games and various physical simulations. Champlain College Game design program in Champlain College is considered to be of the best in the whole country.   The college has an amazing variety of game designing, graphics and animation classes providing a sufficient knowledge in creating video games. Students take part in the Montreal International Game Summit (MIGS) and have a chance to get internship in the best game companies. Do you love to hang out with other gamers, puzzle over game design and eat pizza? Check out the MIGS and don’t lose a chance to get in Champlain College. University of Texas Austin Austin is on the front line of the technology boost and gaming development. The well-known Texas eSport Association was formed right here. It has an outstanding network of collaborating gamers from all around the US and Canada. In 2016 they hosted more than 130 gamers playing Hearthstone, Dota 2, Osu and Starcraft II. UT Austin offers a great opportunity to build a great career in video game development and designing. Besides the TeSPA, there are other great gaming groups taking off, such as: Pockemon Club, the Doujin Clud and many others. Take It All into Your Hands The society rarely accepts things that go beyond the usual order of things. Thus, parents and friends may not take seriously your intentions to pursue gaming career. Unless, you feel that it’s your call of duty go for it! Do not interpret it as dream that is out of range. Your hobby can get you a scholarship or a great career opportunity. Why not to take the advantage of it. If you cannot imagine your life without gaming, turn the hobby into the serious profession and become a real gamer!

The Bourne Identity essays

The Bourne Identity essays The Bourne Identity directed by Doug Liman tries to create suspense by assigning the difficult mission of piecing together evidence that may reveal Jason Bournes true identity and bring back his memory, the entertainment aspect, while simultaneously establishing the artistic quality of the film. Liman achieves this by presenting different elements of film; Color, Mise-en-scene, and Screenplay. He uses these elements in an effective way to provide the film with a great artistic feel as well as having an action, suspense movie. Color is an element that directors use very often because of the fact that it works. It can create a symbolic representation of something or someone. Liman was no exception. In the movie he uses the color red many times to signify some sort of action or adventure. I believe that he used it to signify to Jason was around or was coming, meaning that he had some influence in the upcoming scene. This is very evident from the beginning of the film. The movie starts out in a boat in the Mediterranean where several fishermen are playing cards on a table. The color of the table in which they are playing is red. Later in the scene, after they pick up Jason from the sea, they put his almost life-less body on the red table, this is where the movie actually begins. When Jason is lying on the table on the boat, Jean-Carlo, the fisherman that operates on him, pulls out the two bullets in his back. He also pulls out a laser with a message about the Zurich bank and Jasons account number. The lette rs that tell the account number are also red meaning that something bad will go down if he goes to the Zurich bank. When Jason does go to the Zurich bank he finds his identity but also acquires a red bag that almost takes a life of its own. He is surprised to find a safe deposit box filled with currency of various European and U.S. denominations and about seven passports made out in different names. He puts all of the i...

Anatomy and Physiology 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anatomy and Physiology 1 - Essay Example After death, the consumption of ATP continues but the generation stops. Therefore in the absence of ATP, actin and myosin filaments become permanently complexed and rigor mortis sets in (Raff, 290). 2. During surgery, anesthetics are administered to patients blocking the action potential generation. These anesthetics target the function of voltage-gated sodium channels. Local anesthetics work by blocking the entry of sodium ions into their channels therefore preventing transient increase in permeability of the nerve membrane to sodium ions into their channels thereby preventing the transient increase in permeability of the nerve membrane to sodium ions for generating action potential. Binding of both protonated and neural local anesthetic molecules interferes with conformational changes that underlie the process of channel activation. The failure of sodium ion channel permeability to increase slows own the rate of depolarization since an action potential is not propagated. This interferes with nerve transmission since failure in action potential will cause inability of flow of current from depolarized sites inside surface of the cell membrane to adjacent polarized membrane (Raff, 170). 3. People with Alzheimer’s disease are forgetful and with disease progression they become confused and lose their ability to speak. These patients often have diminished acetylcholine transferase activity in their brains. The enzyme that synthesizes acetylcholine by transferring the acetyl group from acetyl-coA to choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter in the nervous system. It is produced in cholinergic neurons from choline and acetyl co enzyme A by action of acetyltransferase. Acetylcholine is stored in vesicles at the presynaptic cell terminal and released after excitation. After acetylcholine is released into the synapse, it is broken down into smaller parts and taken up by the nerves so that it can be reused. Decrease of acetylcholine in the

Founding Fathers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Founding Fathers - Essay Example These visionaries drafted a document that served as an inspiration for democracies worldwide. The founders were keen in ensuring that the government that would take over would be defined by liberties of individuals and the quest of happiness for its citizens who will be accommodated by the government and its systems (Mason and Rauchut, 2008). This is to say that the founders intended to form a government, whose sole purpose was to ensure freedom and prosperity of its citizens. They understood that power came with consequence and that it could be corrupted limiting the liberty envisioned, as is evident in the governments nowadays. This can be traced back to the founding fathers hypothesis that there is a correlation between personal liberties and expansion in the federal government that is negative. Though this growth was viewed suspiciously by the founding fathers, it was inevitable since the society is dynamic necessitating governance changes and growth. Even though it may have a de trimental effect on liberty, growth of the federal government since the time of the founding has been necessitated because conditions today demand that government grow to meet our needs, since governance needs change over time. The idea of government is based on the principle of servitude, in that it is created to serve the people.

Scholarship application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Scholarship application - Essay Example I was brought up in a small village in Kenya where I was inspired by my grandmother’s ability to offer herbal medicines to many villagers who could not afford or access medical services. Having moved to Kenya’s capital, Nairobi, where I pursued a degree in mass communication, I witnessed how difficult it is for people to access basic services, including healthcare and sanitation. I also worked as a relief worker with Kenya Red Cross and Red Crescent at the Kakuma Refugee Camp where I learnt the basics of nursing and report writing. These experiences while in Kenya made me realize the importance of having nurses in our societies, and this fueled my desire to become one. I hold an excellent academic record that makes me best suited for this scholarship. Currently, I hold a masters degree in Public Health from Michigan State University. I graduated with a GPA of 3.76 from the Michigan State University. While at this university, I actively participated in workshops on gender, women and sexuality. I also hold a Bachelors Degree in Nursing from the York University in Toronto, Canada. I not only graduated as a Deans Honor Roll member but also took extra classes in culture and gender. Among these extra classes were Ghanaian percussion, and intermediate, North Africa and Middle East Dance. Finally, have a degree in Mass Communication from the Kenya Institute of Mass Communication, Nairobi, Kenya. While studying in Kenya, I was involved in a number of projects, including environmental health projects, girl child education and women empowerment. My academic background has helped me interact with people from various backgrounds and enhanced my understanding o f the various issues affecting humanity, including healthcare services. I have also been involved in various volunteer activities that have further helped enhance my practical knowledge and experiences. I currently volunteer at the Suburu

Analysis of UK Commercial Law

Analysis of UK Commercial Law Commercial Law Definition Commercial law in England and Wales is not susceptible to succinct categorisation as a unified body of law such as, for example, criminal law or the law of torts. Goode[1] has commented: â€Å"The absence of anything resembling a commercial code makes [the question, â€Å"Does Commercial Law exist?] harder to answer than might be imagined. If, by commercial law, we mean a relatively self contained, integrated body of principles and rules peculiar to commercial transactions, then we are constrained to say that this is not to be found in England†. Commercial legal practice will deal with a wide variety of subjects including the law relating to contracts, consumer credit, insurance, tax and partnerships. Commercial Law is thus an amalgam of common law, statute and even equity. Historical Development Despite these difficulties of categorisation the existence of a body of law controlling mercantile life has been recognised since medieval times when special courts existed for the purpose of dealing expeditiously with trade disputes. In the eighteenth century Lord Mansfield held sittings in the Guildhall in the City of London to hear commercial cases assisted by special panels of merchant jurymen to provide commercial expertise. When these sittings were discontinued the parties were forced back into the common law courts which proved unpopular due to procedural delays and the fact that the judges were often not conversant with the needs of the commercial community. Accordingly, in 1892, the Council of Judges recommended that there should be a special court to hear commercial cases and this led to the introduction in 1895 of a special commercial list in the Queen’s Bench Division. In 1970, a special Commercial Court was established but this remains part of that division. Court Structure and Jurisdiction The Commercial Court is subject to the Civil Procedure Rules. Part 49 and the associated Practice Direction provides that the court has jurisdiction in: â€Å"any case arising out of trade and commerce in general including any case relating to†: A business document or contract; The export or import of goods; The carriage of goods by land, sea, air or pipeline; The exploitation of oil and gas resources; Insurance and reinsurance; Banking and financial services; The operation of markets and exchanges; Business agency; and Arbitration. The remit of the court therefore also represents a succinct statement of the type of disputes which might be regarded as â€Å"commercial† notwithstanding the vagueness of this term. However, it should be noted that the county court has unlimited jurisdiction in claims in contract and tort and it is mandatory for claims worth less than  £15,000 to be commenced there. Thus a high volume of â€Å"commercial† law is administered by this court with the more valuable or complex being dealt with by the Queen‘s Bench Division of the High Court. The Chancery Division (the role of which in this regard can be summarised by its dealing with cases concerning companies and insolvency) will therefore also hear commercial matters. Finally, it should be noted that in addition to the Commercial Court, there is also a specially constituted Companies Court. The rationale behind the establishment of these fora is to allow the speedy resolution of commercial disputes by a body with expertise in and sympathy for the unique needs of those involved in commercial enterprise. Thus the scope and extent of commercial law is vast and full description is impossible within the scope of this submission. Nonetheless, it is proposed to examine certain key elements of the corpus of commercial law which characterise its principles and demonstrate its operation in practice. Sale of Goods This is a species of the law of contract which has long existed and been regulated by common law principles. Contracts have been defined[2] as â€Å"legally enforceable agreements which represent a vehicle for planned exchanges†. Contracts for the sale of goods are therefore subject to contract law principles but it should not be forgotten that they are increasingly controlled by specific statutory provisions. Thus all contracts for the supply of goods now contain terms which are implied by statute and prescribe that they must be of a stipulated quality. The Sale of Goods Act 1979 (as amended by the Sale and Supply of Goods Act 1994) imposes a number of requirements: s.12: that the seller should have the right to sell the goods, that the goods should be free from encumbrances and that the buyer should enjoy quiet possession of them; s.13: that where the goods are sold by description, they should corespond with that description; s.14(2): that the goods should be of satisfactory quality; s.14(3): that the goods should be fit for the buyer’s purpose; s.15: that where the goods are sold by sample, they should correspond with that sample. Of the above, the implied term as to satisfactory quality is one of the most frequently litigated. The word â€Å"satisfactory† replaced (by the 1994) the use of the historic term â€Å"merchantable† in relation to quality and continues a long pedigree of such a requirement in English law. Decisions in the 19th Century demonstrate a recognition by the law of the commercial expectations of a purchaser. In Gardiner v Gray[3], Lord Ellenborough observed somewhat bluntly: â€Å"The purchaser cannot be expected to buy goods to lay them on a dunghill†(!) While the concept of â€Å"merchantability† endured, it was not until 1973 that it was the subject of statutory definition. By then, the term had become somewhat outmoded with Lord Ormrod commenting in 1976[4]: â€Å"the word has fallen out of general use and largely lost its meaning, except to merchants and traders in some branches of commerce†. Nonetheless, it was not until 1994 that it was replaced by somewhat less arcane terminology. Another significant statutory intervention in the ability of parties to determine the contractual relationships between themselves relates to exemption clauses or unfair contract terms. The leading piece of legislation in this field is the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. Prior to its enactment, the courts interpreted attempts by parties to a contract to restrict or exclude their liability in the event of a breach of contract very strictly. The legislative code has now largely superseded this function. The common law lacked the ability simply to declare such a term unenforceable merely on the ground that it was unfair or unreasonable (see Photo Production Ltd v Securicor Transport Ltd[5]) hence the need for the sometimes strained interpretation of such clauses. In broad terms the 1977 Act applies a test of â€Å"reasonableness† to such clauses in commercial contracts. Not surprisingly, this concept and the interpretation of the term has been the subject of much litigation. The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 extend certain aspects of the 1977 legislation. They were implemented as a result of a European Directive and apply to terms (other than â€Å"core† terms in consumer contracts. They are therefore different in certain critical aspects from the 1979 Act and a comparison of the respective effects of the two reveals anomalies. It is submitted that the original legislation should now be reviewed and redrawn in order to provide a unified and consistent framework. Manufacturers and Product Liability While the above legislation applies only in contract law, it should not be overlooked that there are certain commercial situations in which the law of tort can play a part supplying an additional or alternative remedy. The statutory implied terms described above may entitle the buyer to reject defective goods and, in any event, claim damages for the breach of contract. Because this law is based upon the contract, a problem arises as a result of the doctrine of privity of contract which enables only the parties to a contract to sue upon it. Accordingly, the law of tort began to develop remedies for situations in which loss or damage was caused by a breach but the breach was not actionable in contract at the behest of the party thus injured. In the classic case of Donoghue v Stevenson[6], the principle was established that in certain circumstances a manufacturer owes a duty of care to the end-user of his product. Thus where the product is defective and causes injury, the consumer may r ecover against the manufactuer in negligence notwithstanding that there is no direct contractual or other relationship between them concerning the supply of the product. Again driven by Europe, the UK passed the 1987 Consumer Protection Act in order further to regulate product liability. A claim may be brought under the Act by any person injured by a â€Å"defective product†. â€Å"Product† includes goods and even electricity. A product is defective for the purposes of the Act if its safety, including not only the risk of personal injury but also the risk of damage to other property is â€Å"not such as persons generally are entitled to expect†. It is submitted that this legislation is not only appropriate but necessary in the complex modern consumer society in which products are increasingly sophisticated and the relationship between manufacturer and end-user far more difficult to discern than would have been the case in the nineteenth century. Consumer Credit A very significant development in commercial law in the recent age has been in respect of the protection of customers in credit transactions. In Consumer Credit Deregulation, A Review by the Director General of Fair Trading[7] it was recognised that there was required â€Å"a strong level of protection in a market which for many centuries perhaps even since ancient times has been regarded by law makers as particularly sensitive. Buyer-seller interactions in credit markets are characterised by imbalances of information and bargaining strength between lenders and borrowers.† Accordingly, in the 1970’s, following the report of the Crowther Committee[8] the Consumer Credit Act 1974 was enacted. The Act applies to â€Å"regulated agreements† which are defined as â€Å"consumer credit agreements or consumer hire agreements†. Despite the emphasis on the word consumer, certain types of business credit transactions are controlled. Section 8 of the Act defines a c onsumer credit agreement as â€Å"a personal credit agreement by which the creditor provides the debtor with credit not exceeding [an amount varied by Statutory Instrument from time to time]. Section 189(1) defines an individual as â€Å"including a partnership or other unincorporated body of persons not consisting entirely of bodies corporate†. Thus many commercial business transactions (provided that they do not involve companies) are caught by the Act. The OFT Report referred to above proposed that all business credit transactions be removed from the scope of the Act but this suggestion was rejected. Conversely (and perhaps a little perversely) the present upper limit on such transactions of  £25,000 means that many genuine non-business consumers increasingly fall outside the safety net of the Act. The operation of this type of provision in the commercial sector again serves to illustrate the difficulty of classifying commercial law as a single discrete body of regulati on. The inclusion of chapters on consumer credit in most so-called commercial law textbooks plus the existence of an entirely separate body of work purporting to deal with â€Å"consumer law† is illustrative of this dilemma. Insurance The scope of commercial law extends into many other fields of human activity. On such example is insurance. This remains essentially commercial in nature and, in many instances, can be said to stem from the basic commercial dealings of the parties. If commercial law is regarded as being based upon transactions, insurance has developed as a means of protecting those transactions and the subject-matter thereof. The modern law of insurance has developed directly from the activities of merchants principally those involved in seafaring from Italy in the fourteenth century. Merchants reached agreements between themselves to insure their ships and cargo against the risk of travel by sea. This practice was adopted in the coffee houses of London and gave birth to Lloyds the principal insurance underwriter in the world. The insurance industry has been subject to statutory regulation since the Life Insurance Companies Act 1870. The current regime is regulated by the Financial Services and Marke ts Act 2000. Interestingly, in addition to such controls, contracts of insurance where appropriate also fall under the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 discussed above. Banking Bradgate[9] places banking at the very heart of commercial law: â€Å"The banking system plays an essential part in commercial activity in a developed economy. The modern bank provides a wide range of services to both business and private customers. The provision of such services is itself an aspect of commerce†¦in addition, banks provide essential services which underpin all other commercial activity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Banking activities in the UK have long been regulated by regulated by statute with important developments occurring in the Bills of Exchange Act 1882 and the Cheques Act 1957. International Trade Although this submission has focussed perforce upon UK domestic law, it would be erroneous to conclude without acknowledging the international element which represents so great a proportion of commercial activity and gives rise to a consequent need for regulation. In this regard a distinction should be drawn between two possible uses of the term â€Å"international trade law†. First, it is used to describe the law controlling the relationships between the parties involved in international trade transactions. Second, it may describe the body of rules which govern relationships between states and regulate the use between states of devices such as tariffs to control imports which are subject to such international treaties as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Works on commercial law habitually focus upon the English law applicable to international transactions. A great many contracts used in such international transactions contain a standard clause requiring the contract to be governed by English Law with the result that the Commercial Court in London is frequently called upon to adjudicate upon agreements that have been made between one or more parties located outside the jurisdiction. The UK is a party to the Hague Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods which is given effect in English law by the Uniform Law on International Sales Act 1967. That Act is applicable to contracts where the contract itself stipulates that it should apply. In practice, few contracts take the opportunity to do so with the result that international sales contracts which are governed by English law fall to be determined according to the principles of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 thus returning us to the outset of this discussion. Conclusion Thus the scope and extent of the law which might be grouped under the heading of â€Å"commercial† is seen to be vast in reach and divers in type. Detailed description is therefore beyond the limit of a submission of this length. However, an examination of the broad cross section of topics discussed above reveals an enduring theme. In all aspects of commercial law the focus is upon transactions. Some commercial law such as the sale of goods legislation regulates such transactions directly. Other areas such as the law relating to banking and insurance concern the mechanisms that are necessarily ancillary to such transactions. Others again, such as product liability, stem from the consequences of transactions even where the party seeking to avail himself of the law was not a direct participant in such a transaction. Bibliography Bradgate, Commercial Law, (3rd Ed., 2000) Goode, Commercial Law (2nd Ed., 1995) Poole, Textbook on Contract Law (7th Ed., 2004) Treitel, The Law of Contract (11th Ed., 2003) www.hmso.gov.uk Lexis/Nexis Westlaw 1 Footnotes [1] Commercial Law (2nd Ed., 1995), p.1205 [2] Poole, J., Textbook on Contract Law, (7th Ed., 2004), p.1 [3] (1815) 4 Camp 144 [4] Cehave NV v Bremer Handelgesellschaft mbH [1976] QB 44 @ p.80 [5] [1980] AC 827 [6] [1937] AC 562 [7] OFT (1994), para.1.8 [8] Report of the Committee on Consumer Credit (1971) Cmd 4596 [9] Commercial Law, (3rd Ed., 2000)

Analysis of The Hunger Artist by Kafka Essay -- Essays Papers Kafka Hu

Analysis of The Hunger Artist by Kafka Hunger is a term that is often defined as the physical feeling for the need to eat. However, the Hunger Artist in Kafka's A Hunger Artist places a different, more complex meaning to this word, making the Hunger Artist's name rather ironic. The hunger of the Hunger Artist is not for food. As described at the end of the essay, the Hunger Artist states that he was in fact never hungry, he just never found anything that he liked. So then, what does this man's hunger truly mean? What drives the Hunger Artist to fast for so long, if he is truly not hungry? The Hunger Artist salivates not for the food which he is teased with, nor does he even sneak food when he alone. The Hunger Artist has a hunger for fame, reputation, and honor. This hunger seems to create in the mind of the Artist, a powerfully controlling dream schema. These dreams drive the Artist to unavoidable failure and alienation, which ultimately uncovers the sad truth about the artist. The truth is that the Artist was never an artist; he was a fraudulent outcast who fought to the last moment for fame, which ultimately became a thing of the past. The food was never the issue. The Hunger Artist was never interested. Instead, what the artist hungered for was his fans that appreciated his talent of being able to fast for such long periods of time. Kafka writes, ? Back then the whole town was engaged with the hunger artist; during his fast, the audience?s involvement grew from day to day.? (Kafka, 255) In fact, the Hunger Artist was at first a spectacle. Some fans would come more than once a day to see the Artist perform, some even reserving special viewing seats to enhance the artistic experience. The Artist made eve... ...and ridiculed, especially for entertainment purposes. Nonetheless, the Artist shows a hunger for fame, even if the fame and attention comes from a sick and wild point of view. The Hunger Artist dies a man of sorrow and failure, but is reborn as his opposite, a hungry, strong panther eating everything that comes its way. Maybe in some way the Artist represents a lost tradition of fasting which seemed to come and go, as well as maybe representing the desire that our generation today tends to eat too much and require too much. In the end, the Hunger Artist will be remembered as an outcast of society, and after all his years of fasting, his accomplishments are forgotten, easily replaced as if he never existed. Works Cited Kafka, Franz. ?A Hunger Artist.? Literature and its Writers. Ed. Karen S. Henry. 3rd ed. Bedford/St. Martin?s, Boston/New York 2004. 255-262

Tourism: Brazil’s Location

Brazil which is the biggest country in the South America is a unique country with wonderful destinations and attractions. With half of South America’s land and one-third of the population of all Latin Americans, Brazil is a land of the marvelous, transcendent and the tragic. The gross area of Brazil covers approximately half of South America as it is the mainland's biggest nation. At just over 3. 3million square miles, it is slightly larger than the continental United States (Eakin 1997). It extends 4,772 km from North to South and 4,331 km from east to west. Also, border of Brazil meet other nations on the continent excluding Ecuador and Chile. The east side of Brazil is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean. The north side of Brazil is surrounded by Guyana, French Guiana, Venezuela, and Suriname. On the northwest, Colombia edges Brazil. On the west, Brazil is edged by Bolivia and Peru. On the southwest, Argentina and Paraguay edge Brazil. On the south, Brazil is placing Uruguay (Infoplease 2000). The population composition of Brazil. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (2013) which is the government statistical agency, Brazil's population had increased to approximately from139. 8m in 1990 to 175. 9m in 2003. Also, it is predicted to reach about 200. 3m in 2020. Thus, it is obviously that Brazil’s population has been continually increasing. Brazilian society progressed from succeeding waves of immigration from Europe and Africa. As illustrated by the 1996 census, 83m Brazilians are of European origin including about 60m of mixed race. The black inhabitants are of 7. m and Brazilians of Asian origins are about 700,000. Also, indigenous Indians who live in Brazil are about 162,000. Furthermore, the massive majority of research on racial dynamics in Brazil concentrates on the black-to-white variety. Brazil’s large-scale social surveys usually use three ethnic or color to capture the variety of identifications on this continuum including white (branco), brown (pardo, or â€Å"mixed†), and black (preto). It was surveyed that about 99% of the Brazil’s population included in one of these three classes in the three polls 1991, 2000, and 2010 (Stanley et al. 013). ?The cultural and economic features of Brazil Brazilian identity has been mainly formed by the Portuguese, who delivered its major language and religion. However, it has been shaped by also native indios, Africans and the many migrants from Europe, the Middle East and Asia. According to Burity (2008), even though Indigenous culture has frequently overlooked by urban Brazilians, it has assisted to shape modern Brazil and its traditional myth, dance as well as music. The influence of Afric an culture is also obvious, particularly in the Northeast. Portuguese brought not only a large number of black slaves but also their religion, music and cuisine which have developed a part of Brazilian identity. It is obviously that Brazil is a very racially and culturally compound nation. Brazil’s economy has become a major object of speculation for international stakeholders, researchers, specialists, and policymakers over the world. With filled natural resources, and gradually energetic global corporations, Brazil has been notably selected as BRIC which are the four very large, rapidly emerging economies countries including Russia, India and China. There are several major factors that Brazil can be emerged as a rising star. Those are the strong global demand for the country’s key products, wide-reaching successes for the country’s main corporations, and proper economic policies which have improved confidence. Although once Brazil’s economy stagnated with debt crisis, macroeconomic volatility and high inflation during the 1980s, today, Brazil is more intensely incorporated with the global economy than at any time in the past half century (Brainard & Martinez-Diaz 2009). Brazil’s economic management has been respectable however, public debt quiet remains high, which may pressure on government finances and menace social security. This is one of the major issues in Brazil’s sustained economic strength for the future and sustaining growth to generate employment and reducing government debt can be considered (St Louis 2010). ?Features of Brazil’s natural environment Brazil boasts some of the most marvelous plant and animal life in the world. Brazil has the world’s largest rain forest, as well as the greatest wetlands. Rain Forest covers much of the Amazon river drainage basin while Wetland which is the largest fresh water swamp in the world, is half the size of France. This is mainly flooded grasslands from the River Paraguay which starts in Brazil and flows south to Argentina. This area is called the Pantanal. In Brazil, around 55,000 species of plants, 3000 freshwater fish, 770 amphibians and 520 mammals are found. More than one-third of the reptiles and over half the amphibians take place nowhere else and new species are being discovered constantly. Brazil has five principal biomes which are Amazonia, Atlantic rain forest, Caatinga, Cerrado and the wetlands of the Pantanal. Brazil is huge country and its flora and fauna are scattered across vast regions (St Louis 2010). ?The history of tourism in Brazil Although Brazil is the biggest country in South America and has an abundance of cultural and environmental diversity, tourism has been generally ignored by both policy makers and the private division (Santana 2000). As the challenge of fostering the socioeconomic development by increasing the number of tourists, there was something the federal government took up only in the beginning of 1990s. Its application involved a series of public and private investments which have transformed both the region and social relationships in the areas directly influenced. Until the 1966 establishment of the Brazilian Tourism Institute named EMBRATUR, there was fundamentally no authorized policy of supporting tourism. EMBRATUR regulated several terms which can be considered as the creation of a national tourism policy. However, the initial role allocated to EMBRATUR was inadequate to consolidating the internal market and increasing external demand. In the beginning of the 1990s, an institute made the basic agent for developing official policies for the sector (Bartholo et al 2008). ?The place of tourism in the economic life of Brazil Although Brazil is not a tourism-dependent nation, tourism indicates one of the most vital areas for the successful Brazilian economy as well as the constant country's development. According to Santana (2000), the tourism industry in Brazil has also been generally recognized as a promoter of social and economic development by the introduction of the Ministry of Sports and Tourism. With supported by increasing economic development, most tourism indicators had experienced extraordinary growth by 1998. The deregulation of air transport helped out to raise domestic travel to record levels in 1998 the number of air passengers rose by 25 percent between 1997 and 1998. Also domestic travel increased by 43 percent over 1997, when 38. million Brazilians travelled within the country. The contribution to overall tourism receipts in 1998 was significant, with over US $6 billion. The economic stability and strong currency have also made it possible for Brazilians to travel abroad. In 1997 Brazil experienced an unprecedented tourism deficit that destabilized the country’s balance of payments. More than four million Brazilians went abroad compared to 2. 9 million international arrivals. According to the EMBRATUR, domestic and international tourism contributed over US $billion to the Brazilian economy, or 3. percent of the nation’s GDP (Santana 2000). Therefore, it is expected that there is a significant correlation ship between Brazilian tourism and Brazilian economic. Factors influencing tourists’ choice of Brazil as a destination ?Push factors that create tourist demand for tourism in Brazil Push factors refer to the fundamental necessary for engaging in tourism that is for using the facilities provided by the tourism industry (Weaver & Lawton 2006). There are several push factors that create a demand for tourism activity in Brazil. First of all, natural environment such as abundant natural resources are widely used to promote the nation’s tourism. International tourists inclined to be attracted by Brazilian regions which have various attractions such as rivers, waterfalls, national parks, beaches and native forests. These attractions strengthen Brazilian local economy. Also economic and technological development has made Brazil become the world’s fourth-largest internal flight market in terms of the number of travelers transported on scheduled airlines. The number of total internal air travelers in Brazil reached about 77. 4 million in 2011. Furthermore, infrastructure quality affects destination competitiveness in important ways. The quality of a destination’s infrastructure may serve to attract tourists. In the process of choosing a destination, the image of infrastructure will play important role. Another factor can be a political issue that tourists should have the approval of their government to enable them to travel to Brazil. The Brazilian government concludes a number of open skies contracts with several countries during 2009 and 2010 to open its air transportation provision and draw more foreign visitors into Brazil. Furthermore, the development of social tourism can be one of the factors. Vilela de Almeida (2011) mentions that in contemporary society, social tourism has been emphasized because, social tourism provides opportunities for travel and holidays for Brazilians who do not have access to large amounts of discretionary income. There have been attempts by the Brazilian government to provide holiday opportunities for low income local people, for elderly people and for students. Those mentioned factors can be significant roles to develop Brazilian tourism. Components of the tourism supply-side in Brazil ?The ways in which Brazil and its attractions are promoted and interpreted The Brazil’s military government created Embratur, the Brazilian Tourist Agency, with the purpose of reshaping the tarnished image of the country, caused by reports of torture and abuse by the dictatorship. Thus, Embratur became an important instrument for the formation of Brazil’s image abroad (Bandyopadhyay & Nascimento 2010). Also Filho (2005) mentioned that in its advertisements Embratur emphasized Brazilian woman’s physical assets such as big bottoms, their tanned skin and ease of being seduced. Furthermore, Alfonso commented that Embratur, the governmental body responsible for the regulation of the national tourist sector, disseminated images of almost naked women, mostly in Rio de Janeiro, in leaflets and banners. This city and symbols like the mulatta and samba, representing the beauties of Brazilian beasches and the national carnival were chosen to structure Brazil’s image in the international market between 1970s and 1990s. However, today public and private officials are trying to revitalize tourism image as part of more diversified tourist products which includes fishing within rural and eco-tourism. Eco-tourism is promoted in the media by marketing the Pantanal as a ‘paradise’, an ‘El Dorado’ and an ‘ecological sanctuary’. Officials are keen on developing ecotourism in a more planned way which would be coherent with maintaining local natural and cultural resources rather than encourage mass tourism which could provoke the opposite. The development of local rural and eco-tourism was first promoted by government tourist agencies and then taken up by the regional residents (Araujo& Bicalho 2009). ?Services available to tourists in Brazil including transport and hospitality Sustainable services which include transport and hospitality is one of the most significant component of the tourism supply-side in Brazil. Lowry (2012) reports that the tourism plan for the FIFA World Cup 2014 which is developed by the World Cup Executive Group (GECOPA), provide better tourism information to tourists. Also it offers quality services and accommodation, and promotes tourism destinations in Brazil. The plan provides for the construction, renovation or expansion of tourist service centers, the establishment of tourist signage, and civil construction projects to ensure accessibility for persons with disabilities. Also Araujo and Bicalho (2009) mentioned that there has been constantly development of amenities for tourism in Pantanal. A new airport was constructed in Bonito municipality and another new airport is scheduled for Porto Murtinho municipality. A paved freeway was built across the Pantanal between Corumba and the state capital Campo Grande. Existing roads within the swamps have been converted into park routes. Also a historic railway between Campo Grande, Miranda and Aquiduana has been restarted as a tourist attraction since 2009. Also there is a network of tourist services in urban and rural areas which include hotels, restaurants, night clubs and other attractions. Furthermore, urban facilities were demanded by tourists so that since 1995, electricity has been available to remote rural areas. Most lodges started to install electric lighting, running water, air conditioning, cable television, internet and mini-refrigerators in the guest rooms and saunas and swimming pools for guests. Tourist facilities also include parking lots, public bathrooms, and access roads to lakes for recreation fishing so it allows tourists easy and safe access to natural attractions. Tourist experiences in Brazil ?performance experiences Many international tourists visit Brazil to get virtuous tourist experience and to gaze the Brazil’s image through Carnival which is the best well-known festival in Brazil and has developed a national event of huge sizes. The country breaks for almost a week and events inclined to be intense, day and night, mainly in coastal cities. Carnival in Brazilian culture is considered as much more than a simple celebration. Delgado (2012) mentioned that it is one of the pieces that make up the Brazilian identity. To establish an identity is meaningful to Brazilian. It is through the difference with respect to each other that the idea of unity of the nation is built. Thus, the carnival is an element of differentiation with respect to each other, serving as a mark of a Brazilian. There was naturally basic characteristic change over time in terms of a traditional carnival; however, the contact with tourists as well as the growing popularity of communication, technologies and globalization has accelerated the process. There is plurality of identities, constructed by different social groups in different historical moments. Thus, similar to authentic identity, the original representations are built up and modified as changes social and historical moments. The importance for the Brazilian carnival is undeniable, most popular party in the country which is a place where the transgression is possible, the world of street is transformed temporarily into space. ?Photography Hillman (2007) defines that the photography generates and transmits images and tourist symbols such as sites, memorials and masterpieces and its important role is to construct and interpret the tourist destination image in special historic, social and cultural background. The use of postcards, tourist leaflets, and photographic evidence of journey by tourists is a way of justifying their journey and tourism experience through visual authentication. Also the expanding spaces of cameras and video increasingly are able to represent themselves both to tourist and academics. The best-known example is probably the Kayapo in Brazil. They were supplied with video cameras after work with visual anthropologists and Amazonian Indians in Kayapo are represented by broadcast (Crang 1997). The vivid images of life of Amazonian Indians makes people actually travel around the area. Then they will go back to home with the proof of travel to distant and exotic places, and visual authentic verification that they were actually present in the location. ?Slum experience In Brazil, there is a special place where tourists can have a slum experience. The name of place is Rocinha which is the largest favela in Latin America, and is located in Rio's South Zone. It has not been well-known since until slum tourism have become a recognized form of dark tourism. Ma (2010) contended that slum tourism provides a distinctive experience that today's traveler seeks meaning in their vacations and is moving away from the trend of fun and pleasure. Freire (2008) commented that one of the most popular slum tour organizations is Favela Tours which has seen an average of 3,000 tourists per month for the past ten years. A total of 98% of its market is foreigners, a trend seen across all organized slum tours. Also, Frenzel & Koens (2012) mentions that more than 50,000 tourists participated in organized favela visits in Rio in 2011. And a number of tourists will probably growth with the coming FIFA World Cup in 2014 and Olympic Games in 2016. More recent year the favela tours are also offered in Sao Paulo and Salvador de Bahia. The figure from Brazil indicates that slum tourism is already a highly professionalized business in the country. Apart from guided tours, the destination also offer elements of adventure tourism such as bicycle and motorbike tours, accommodation in the slum and specialized tours focusing on music, food or ecological aspects. Therefore, it is expected that slum tourism stimulate local entrepreneurship and local economic development, and support poverty alleviation. Impacts of tourism on tourists and the host society ?Impact of tourism on Brazilians The impacts of tourism on Brazilians can be both a positive and negative. Tourism has increasingly become a key economic activity for Brazilian. According to Puppim de Oliveira (2003) especially Northeast region possesses a significant potential for the development of tourism such as a warm climate year round, cultural diversity and over 2. thousand kilometers of seashore with attractive beaches. Thus, tourism in this area improves the regional economy, attracting investments, creating jobs and generating income to diminish poverty. Similarly, tourism activities can bring positive externalities to society. For instance, the infrastructure for tourism can be used for other purposes as well. Airports can also be used by locals who want to travel. Roads can be used for transportation of local passengers, and agricultural or manufactured products. In the State of Bahia, Brazil, the paving of the touristic road connecting the small town of Itacare to the arger town of Ilheus allowed the creation of new bus lines. Before the construction, Itacare had only few bus routes so that there were always limited transportation options of the local population. The new road increased access by the local population to Ilheus for shopping, recreation and medical purpose. Therefore, it is clear that tourism industry can improve local economic and employment benefits. On the other hand, there is negative tourism impact on Brazilians. The local environment and society has a limited capacity to absorb and recover from impacts of tourism. If these impacts exceed the carrying capacity, their effects on the environment and local society can become permanent and cause serious environmental, social and cultural problems. Also uncontrolled competition within the tourism industry over environmental resources such as water, land, environmental amenities, can generate undesirable impact on the whole industry. An increasing demand for an attractive unexplored beach can produce a growing construction of hotels and houses at the sea side that can degenerate the primary environmental quality of the beach. This can also cause a series of environmental problems such as deforestation, air and water pollution, degeneration of the landscape, which can negatively affect the quality of tourism or even the whole tourism industry in a region. For example, the Pantanal wetlands face serious threats, including the rapid spread of intensive soy, cotton and sugarcane farming on Brazil’s central plains, which are the source of most of the Pantanal’s water. Furthermore, on Brazil’s coasts, growth of cities and growing tourism developments threaten many delicate coastal marine ecosystems (St Louis 2010). Thus, an uncontrolled growth of tourism in one region can potentially undermine its tourism by damaging its environmental or cultural resources, if proper intervention is not in place. Conclusion ?What are the prospects for the future of Brazil as a tourist destination and what should be done to ensure a successful future for Brazil? As it mentioned above, there is no doubt that Brazilian tourism already shows a major role in the Brazilian economy and that it also represents a substitute for development. There is a constant development of infrastructural in tourism area based on exotic natural environment to attract tourists. Therefore, it is boosting a significant increase of a number of international tourists in Brazil. With 2014 Brazil world cup and 2016 Brazil Olympic, it is expected that tourism industry will be more developed and a number of tourists will be more visited ever before. However, unfortunately, Brazil is now also renowned for the destruction of its natural environment that all of its major ecosystems are threatened and over 200 animal species are endangered. Thus, the amount of protected territory continues to grow. At least 20 new national parks have been created since the late 1990s (St Louis 2010). Also, there is also another negative issue that the sexual exploitation of women and children has made a Brazil portrayed as a sexual playground (Bandyopadhyay & Nascimento 2010). Likewise, the country's reputation as an erotic playground continues to attract the wrong type of tourist with special tour purpose. Thus, it is obvious that protecting Brazil’s natural wonders and changing tourism image should be resolved as essential for Brazilian tourism future. To ensure successful future for Brazil, all stakeholders of Brazilian tourism including government should have an important role to play that not only ensures tourism development which minimizes harm to the ecology, but also provides an economic incentive which encourages preservation and protection. Brazilian tourism has the potential to be beneficial in the several sectors in national economic and local development; however, the tourism also has the potential negative impacts such as some negative images and environmental issues. Thus, the tourism is needed several implications in order to be sustainable. Therefore, to improve Brazilian tourism, this report recommends that firstly it should be enhanced a destination’s competitiveness through the target market’s awareness of the destination and through its positive image. Also, it should be developed a desirable plan to adopt a comprehensive approach which integrates tourism economic development, international or inter regional trade, social development and other marketing goals into an integrated strategy. Secondly, the environmental problems can be minimized by the governments which generate governmental environmental organizations and educate government officials in environmental issues, and enforce environmental regulations. Furthermore, it is important to control of development and tourist flow and creation of protected areas by Brazilian governments which are responsible for creating protected areas for providing incentives for private actions towards environmental protection.

Critical lens Of Mice and Men Essay

J.W. Van Goethe once said â€Å"no two persons regard in the world in exactly the same way.† This means everybody has different views of the world and responds physically and mentally to different situations. I agree with this quote because we all have different perspectives and we often debate about the way we view society. In the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck clearly shows how two persons are different in their own independent ways. The story of two migrant workers, George and Lennie run away from a farm in weed California because Lennie who freezes when he’s s cared,doesnt let go of a girls dress she panics and accuses him of rape. they try to make their dream come true of having their own house where they can live off the fat of the land. George and Lennie have to work at a ranch miles away from their preceding job, they meet the bosses son named Curly who has a short temper, and also meet a well-respected jerk line skinner who people look up to. Both men regard the world in different ways and both have different personalities that make them who they are. Curly who is described in the story as â€Å"an amateur boxer and is always picking fights, especially with guys who are bigger than he is.†shows his low self-esteem and how he does not have confidence in himself. Steinbeck also describes Curley’s approach â€Å"at once calculating and pugnacious,† and he strides about with â€Å"his elbows†¦still bent out a little. â€Å"This reveals Curley’s personality because he constantly has to prove to others that he is tough by his posture because of the lack of confidence he has in himself, he has to make up for his size and show that he is superior . Curley’s insecurity about his size impacts the way he views the world. Slim is described as a jerk line skinner, the main driver of a mule team. Slim is greatly respected by many of the characters even Curley. Being a leader is like a second nature to him. Unlike Curley slim is the type of person that people can easily confide with. â€Å"His tone was friendly. It invited confidence without demanding it.† Slim actions are hardly question and the characters look up to him because he knows when things are right or wrong. Slim also was sympathetic, caring, and understanding towards Lennie and his mental disability. Unlike curly Slim  has confidence in himself and doesn’t have visible insecurities about him, which makes Slim a great leader and a role model to the other people in the ranch. These two characters are completely different men that have unlike characteristics. The way they perceive and view the world is also different because of factors like behavior, beliefs, and feelings, slim is looked at as a leader while Curley is looked as a â€Å"punk† this is a result of their actions. No two persons can regard in the same way because everyone has a different perspective of life and have a different way of thinking.

Activity and Disengagement theory Essays

Activity and Disengagement theory Essays Activity and Disengagement theory Paper Activity and Disengagement theory Paper Looking at the activity theory, each practice persuades elderly to stay active by proving them with activities such as bingo, quizzes, physical activities, music and sensory activates. I believe from this the practice will be able to ensure that elderly people stay active. This theory relates to the practice because people in this practice have retired, however they still have other things to keep them entertained. Living in this practice will make them become part of the community there. This will make them stay involved with others. The practice will promote and prolong their activities. They will make sure that their clients maintain their relationship with the family and friends. However there are some with physical disabilities, mental health disabilities or learning disabilities who may not be able to participate in those activities. This theory convinces others to participate and to keep fit; however there can be times were keeping all clients fit becomes difficult. There are residents who may disengage themselves in the health and social care setting. This could be because they may have physical or learning disability which may make them unable to take part. There are some resident who choose not to get involved, not to take part in the services or activities available with the rest and to stay alone wanting to disengage themselves. People should respect their views as this is part of the Human Rights. The disengagement theory can also relate to health and social care settings if the setting doesnt have enough money to provide with such services and activities. This will not provide with appropriate facilities and resident may disengage themselves because of that. I have found that people who are lonely are twice as likely to develop Alzheimers disease, a large US study has suggested. This means that more people die from loneliness than diseases as I found from my research. So if the care setting doesnt provide with activities and make sure that each client is well aware of those services they can take part in, then it will make them feel lonely and they may be at a high risk of developing Alzheimer. This theory can influence some of the client to forget about their family and friends and just to wait for the rest of their lives. However other clients may find it wrong and always keep in mind not to let the disengagement influence them in the setting. Evaluate he nature-nurture debate in relation to the development of the individual. Nature is what we are born with and inherited. This is things like the way we are and our DNA. However nurture is what influences us from outside such as society determine who you are. It is more about what a person is like due to the environment they are in. I have looked at a debate on nature vs. nurture on gay people. It showed the following questions. Are people made or born gay? Are we all straight until our environment or some traumatic event makes us gay or have we indeed had gay feelings for as long as we can remember? Some of the article is shown below. I was born gay! You cant make someone gay no more than you can make someone straight. Of course environmental factors affect our sexuality. You just cant generalize these types of things. Ultimately what you end up doing is trying to figure out how to stop it like its a disease or somethinginstead of trying to help people ACCEPT themselves for who they are and help nurture them into healthy relationships. I was made gay! Might any of these factors (in the life of someone male) contribute towards giving him a gay disposition, or at least make him more inclined to seek the love of men? An alcoholic parent, mother or father; A cold parent, mother or father; Having been in a boys boarding school since about 11. Looking at this article, I have showed both nature and nurture side of the debate. I agree with the nurture side of this debate. I believe that gay people are gay because of their environment and surroundings. Like the boy that said he was made gay because he was surrounded by boys since he was 11 made him have interest in them. However I dont believe this is the right reason for this. I used to go to a girls school and was surrounded by girls from the age of 12 until I left secondary school and I am not a lesbian. But different people feel different about different situations. He mentioned that he didnt get support from parents as they were alcoholics. This can also be the reason as its the environment he is surrounded by. This debate will help gay people in their development as they will get information they need from researchers such as, scientist, psychologist and qualified people. This debate is useful as it creates ownership. If people are the way they are because of the environment, then what makes the environment this? This is because of who we vote for to lead in our communities. Arguments are given to qualify peoples position, so its useful for those people to take part. This will also mean taking responsibilities. Producing arguments helps with the development of the individual. This is because these arguments come from those who are qualified. They will also get money from this and will continue with researching. On the other hand people may feel that they have to take sides, but it all depends on the individual. For example if you have sickle cell anaemia, then there is no nurture part that is affecting your life as you will have to regularly visit the hospital. However the nurture part can affect the development of an individual if they live in a poor country were the transport to getting hospital is hard and treatments are not available. Personality is also something that people debate is either nature or nurture. Here are both of the sides. Personality is Natural This group believes that your personality is result of evolutionary process. You inherit behaviours due to complex interaction of genes. They control your behaviours. So you dont have a free will to act otherwise. Personality is Nurtured This group argues that you dont get your personality inherited. Your mind is a blank slate at your birth. It is your environment, education and culture that make up your behaviours. There are differences on the issue of free will to change your behaviours. Personally I believe that both nature and nurture influenced me on my outcome. Looking at Darwins theory of evolution, he proposed that like physical organs, your personality is result of natural selection for survival of the fittest. You do as your genes dictate. They suggest that fear of death, fear of injury, fear of snakes, shyness, addiction, criminality and sexual orientation are main examples of inheritable behaviours. This debate can take away responsibilities on the individual and make the individual blame it on education, friends and culture. Also gang culture; if people grow up carrying knifes and guns, they are more likely to make their own children do the same thing or even steal. This will make the individual place the blame on the environment, gene or biology.